The 'Birthday' of the European Union is considered May 9, 1950. At present, May 9 is celebrated annually as Europe Day. The first agreement establishing the European Economic Community was signed in 1957 by six countries: Belgium, Germany, France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. European Common Market – The European Communities (or Common Markets), the precursor of the European Union, was established with the Treaty of Rome in 1957. On November 1, 1950, two Puerto Rican nationalists staged an attempted assassination on U.S. President Harry S.
UnitedStates Army, Europe & Seventh ArmyUnited States European CommandLooking for more information from military/civilianpersonnel assigned to or associated with the U.S. Armyin Germany from 1945 to 1989.
If you have anystories or thoughts on the subject, please.(1945-Present)Organization(Located on; in PDF format; LARGE files!)Organizational ChartsCINCUSAREUR (Cold War Period)LTG Manton S. EddyGen Charles L. BolteGen William M. HogeGen Anthony C. McAulliffeGen Henry I. HodesGen Clyde D.
EddlemanGen Bruce C. ClarkeGen Paul L.
Freeman, Jr.Gen Andrew P. O’MearaGen James H.
PolkLTG Arthur S. Collins, Jr.Gen Michael S. DavisonGen George S. BlanchardGenFrederick J. KroesenGen Glenn K.
OtisGen Crosbie E. (Out Takes - Reel 2)The American Army in Germany, 1966 (Source: British Pathe Video Film Archives)Good report on the US Army in Europe in the 1966 timeframe with heavy focus on Headquarters in Heidelberg, the 4th Armored Division and the 8th Infantry Division.
High quality video - very sharp! Out takes show additional scenes that include the Airborne school in Wiesbaden and a river crossing during a field exercise.HQ U.S. Army, Europe DUI(Source: TheOrigin of Headquarters USAREUR, HQ USAREUR Public Affairs Office).
Chart1On8 May 1945 (VE Day) Headquarters, EuropeanTheater of Operations, United States Army (ETOUSA)and its closely associated Communications Zone headquarterswere located in Paris. The same officers generally servedon both headquarters staffs. ETOUSA, the highest headquartersof the U.S. Army in Europe, determined the policiesto be implemented by its subordinate commands. (SeeChart 1)Effective 1 July 1945, Headquarters ETOUSA was redesignatedas Headquarters, United States Forces,European Theater (USFET), and one monthlater the communications zone organization lost itswartime title when ii was redesignated as TheaterServices Forces, European Theater (TSFET),a counterpart of Army Services Forces in the UnitedStates.
USFET headquarters was located in Frankfurt,Germany, as were the most important TSFET functionalcenters. Chart 3On15 March 1947, USFET was redesignated as EuropeanCommand (EUCOM), a joint-service command whoseArmy element was designated as U.S.
Groundand Service Forces. On 15 November, the U.S. Groundand Service forces was redesignated as UnitedStates Army, Europe (USAREUR), a non-operationalpaper organization created to furnish a ground and servicecommander with the command apparatus required to provide administrativeand logistic support.
USAREUR's general and special staffduties were performed by the offices and personnel of thegeneral and special staff divisions of EUCOM headquarters.(See Chart 3)In the spring of 1948, Headquarters EUCOM moved from Frankfurtto Heidelberg so as to provide space in Frankfurt for theagencies created as a result of the merger of the Britishand U.S. Occupation zones. To make room for Headquarters EUCOMin Heidelberg, the Constabulary headquarters moved to Stuttgart.Both moves ware completed in early 1949.By the end of 1949, the Berlin Blockade had officially ended(12 May); General Huebner had replaced General Clay as theCommander in Chief, EUCOM (15 May); U.S. Forces, Austria,had become an independent command under the Joint Chiefs ofStaff, (23 May); the Headquarters, Office of Military Governmentfor Germany (U.S.) had moved from Berlin to Frankfurt (12August); General Handy had assumed duties as Commander inChief, EUCOM and as Commander in Chief, USAREUR (2 September);and Mr. McCloy had became the U.S.
Military Governorand the U.S. High Commissioner for Germany (HICOG) (12 September). Chart 4On1 August 1952, a new unified command, UnitedStates European Command (USEUCOM) with headquartersin Frankfurt was established. On the same date, HeadquartersEUCOM in Heidelberg was redesignated Headquaters USAREUR.Thereby, USAREUR became, for the first time since itsestablishment an operating headquarters in its own right.USAREUR absorbed most of the former EUCOM staff andassumed most of the functions previously performed byEUCOM. USEUCOM assumed command of all U.S.
Forces inEurope, excluding, those in Berlin, Trieste, and Austria.USAREUR became the administrative headquarters for allArrmy forces in the same area, excluding Trieste andAustria, both of which performed this function independently.The Commander in Chief, USEUCOM, delegated to the Commanderin Chief, USAREUR, responsibility for continuing toadminister the military aspects of the US presence inGermany and, in this role, to continue to operate asa single point of contact for dealing with the Germanauthorities and with the Office for the US High Commissionerfor Germany. The Commander in Chief, USAREUR, also assumedcommand of the newly created Central Army group (CENTAG),as one of NATO's tactical headquarters under which wereplaced the US Seventh Army and French forces.
(See Chart4). On10 October 1952, Headquarters, USEUCOM began to move from Frankfurt,Germany, to the vicinity of Paris, France. On 1 December, the CommunicationsZone, with headquarters in Orleans, France, became aUSAREUR major subordinate command.In October 1955, the last of US troops withdrew from Austria andthe US Army Southern European Task Force (USASETAF) with headquartersin Vicenza, Italy, was established as a subordinate command of USEUCOM.On 1 January 1956, USASETAF was made a USAREUR subordinate command.On 1 December 1966, USAREUR and Seventh Army headquarters mergedat Heidelberg, the USAREUR headquarters being redesignated Headquarters,United States Army, Europe and Seventh Army. USAREUR Wartime HeadquartersOn 15 Nov 1966, as a consequence of Operation FRELOC, HQ USAREUR moved the USAREUR (Main) Wartime headquarters from Maison Fort, France, to Karlsruhe. Because of continuing improvement in Soviet and Warsaw Pact capabilities in recent years - particularly to conduct 'Blitzkrieg' warfare - the United States has undertaken programs to improve its combat effectiveness in Europe.Some of the programs have increasedthe ratio of combat troops to support forces without increasing overall US military forces in Europe.One program to convertheadquarters and military support personnel to combat personnel was prescribed by an amendment to the Fiscal Year 1975 DoD Appropriations Authorization Act. This amendment is referred to as the 'Nunn Amendment' after Senator Sam Nunn, who was a moving force behind it.
It required a reduction of 18,000 in authorized support personnel - contrasted to personnel on hand - in the services in Europe during Fiscal Years 1975 and 1976.In conjunction with these reductions, 13,435 combat spaces were added in Europe through the end of FY 1976 by increasing personnel in existing units and by deploying new combat units. (1) The Army and the Air Force contracted to replace some support personnel reduced in the areas of supply, security, and standby base maintenance. In addition, the Army replaced 3,368 military support positions with 2,700 non-US civilian employees in such areas as transportation, supply, and security.
(Also, in view of the shrinking support base in Europe and the magnitude of its support requirements, USAREUR was looking more to other NATO Allies for needed support during wartime, including procurement, telecommunications, transportation, facilities, civilian labor, construction and airfield service. This would become known as the.)(2) In the early stage of planning for the Nunn Amendment, the Army decided not to reduce positions in two areas - US military community support and non-combat positions at the division level. Community support includes many functions such as commissary and postal services, recreation, libraries, transportation services, and education programs for which there is little or no wartime need. Community support was omitted to avoid lower morale and support to the soldier and his family. On 2 September 1949, General Thomas T. Handy assumed the position of Commander-in-Chief of United States European Command (CINC EUCOM).
He succeeded General Clarence R. Huebner.Lt Gen Huebner had become Acting CINC EUCOM on 15 May 1949, after Gen Lucius D. Clay's (previous CINC and Military Governor of the US Zone) departure for the US. (In July 1949, the positions of CINC EUCOM and Military Governor were separated from each other with John J. McCloy taking over the Military Governor role as well as that of US High Commissioner for Germany.) Gen Huebner was reappointed Deputy Commander in Chief and Chief of Staff, European Command.General Handy's assumption of the European Command marked the first permanent separation of the Military Governor and the Commander in Chief.With the transfer of Military Government responsibilities to the High Commissioner, the Joint Chiefs of Staff issued a revised directive to the Commander in Chief, EUCOM. (This revised mission with regards to military matters was substantially the same as existed previously, but Military Government responsibilities were excluded.)Under the revised directive, CINC EUCOM received instructions directly from the Joint Chiefs of Staff and reported to the JCS through the Chief of Staff, US Army. US Army Photo: FRA-49-1195 / EUCOM-49-923527 November 1949Photographer: CPL W.L.
Paulson, 7811th SCU (Frankfurt)Gen Thomas Handy (left), CG US Army Europe,; CAPT Wilfred C. Hinman (center), 61st Air Police Squadron, Comander of Troops for the Honor Guard; and Mr. Louis Johnson (right), US Sec. Of Defense; inspect the Honor Guard composed of Air Force, Navy and Army personnel.
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Honoring the arrival of Gen Omar N. Bradley and Sec. Johnson from Philadelphia where they were guests of the Army-Navy Football Game the day before.Gen Omar Bradley and Sec of Defense Louis Johnson arrived at Rhine Main to confer with High Commissioner of Germany, John J. McCloy, before going to on to London and Paris for conferences with the Atlantic Pact Nations on their defense.HQ EUCOMC ampbell Bks, Heidelberg1. Honor Guard (KB)2. 427th Army Band (KB)3. Dignitaries approach Reviewing Stand (KB)5.
Passing in review (KB)6. Present Arms (KB)7. Gen Clay and Gen Handy (KB)8. Senior EUCOM officers (KB)9. Heidelberg, 1950 (KB)10.
Heidelberg, 1950 (KB)11. Heidelberg, 1950 (KB)USAREUR History Projects & Resource Materials. ( Warning: 4.5 MB) A Unit History.Chapters 4, 6, and 7 of the dissertation deal primarily with issues specific to USAREUR(and NATO), while the other chapters are heavier on US policy andstrategy for the Cold War.To read an abstract,.Ingo is very interested in hearing from USAREUR veterans (and those of other services also) -if anyone wants tocomment on aspects of the dissertation, please feel free to contact the webmaster or the author directly. Comments, suggestions, and corrections are very much appreciated! (Source:Command Report, Headquarters EUCOM/USAREUR, 1952, HQ USAREUR,1953)Establishmentof Army Groups in Central EuropeOn 19 January (1952), the Supreme Allied Commander, Europe (SACEUR),notified the US Secretary of Defense that it was his ultimate intentionto constitute two army groups within the Central European command.One of these groups, composed of French and US troops, was to be placedunder US command, and the second group, composed of Belgian, Britishand Netherlands troops, under British command. SCAEUR proposed toactivate the headquarters of the French-US army group in nuclear formas soon as possible and to build it up as rapidly as the necessarystaff and equipment could be made available.
The headquarters of theBelgian-British-Netherlands army group was to remain on a skeletonbasis within the existing headquarters of the British Army of theRhine (BAOR) until a later date. SACEUR requested that Gen ThomasT.
Handy, Commander in Chief, European Command, be made availablefor assignment as the commander of the French-US army group in additionto his other duties. At the same time that the request was made tothe US Secretary of Defense for assignment of General Handy, a similarrequest was made by SACEUR to the British Ministry of Defense foragreement to assignment of Lt.
Sir Charles Harding, Commanderin Chief, BAOR, as commander-designate of the Belgian-British-Netherlandsarmy group. The Standing Group of the North Atlantic Treaty Organizationapproved the formation of the two army groups, which were accordinglyestablished in skeletonized form and attached to BAOR and USAREUR,respectively.( NOTE: The Plans staff began working in 1952 on Campbell Barrackswithin the U.S. Army Europe staff. The original staff was known asthe Allied Planning Group and was composed of US and French militarypersonnel. On 13 April 1953, the planning group was redesignated asthe Central Army Group Plans Section.
The activation of the GermanBundeswehr in November 1955 resulted in the augmentation of the CENTAGPlans Section with representatives from the German Army. In April1959, the CENTAG Plans Section was designated Headquarters, CENTAG,and separated from the USAREUR headquarters staff. The Supreme AlliedCommander, Europe, formally activated the CENTAG Headquarters on Oct1, 1960. In August 1961, Headquarters CENTAG moved to Hammonds Barracksin Seckenheim, Germany.)Northern Army group was formed. Coordinationof USAREUR Emergency Planning with the NATO CommandsSince the Supreme Allied Commander in Europe (SACEUR) would assumeoperational control of US combat forces in Germany in the eventof war, USAREUR developed emergency plans in support of NATO planning.Over-all NATO defense plans were prepared at SHAPE, and coordinationwas usually achieved internally since all member powers were representedin that headquarters. SACEUR's emergency defense plans were thendistributed to the headquarters of the next lower echelon in theNATO command structure, for preparation of supporting plans. Articles, photos and other materials appearing in the STARS & STRIPES fall under the same copyright and trademark regulations as 'non-government' publications.
Euratlas-Info: Europe 1950Euratlas-Info Members' AreaAn Easy Map of Europe in 1950in.jpgAneasy political map of Europe in 1950, showing the countries withouttheir administrative divisions. The 'lost' states (Austria and Libyaunder foreign occupation, Two Germanies, Yugoslavia, SSSR etc.) arelisted in the map legend.This map is not provided in the of Europe.Size of the map: 3370 x 2350 x 300 px or 28.5 x 19.8 cm.You can use this filefor illustration or educational purposes if you mention the source:'©Euratlas-Nussli 2008, www.euratlas.com'.For Euratlas-Info only.Enter e-mail address.